One-Time Pad Generator One-Time Pad Generator This page, which requires that your browser support JavaScript (see below), generates one-time pads or password lists in a variety of forms. It is based a high-quality pseudorandom sequence generator, which can be seeded either from the current date and time, or from a seed you provide. Fill in the form below to select the format of the pad and press “Generate” to create the pad in the text box. You can then copy and paste the generated pad into another window to use as you wish.
Each of the labels on the request form is linked to a description of that parameter. Output::: Format::: Composition:: Numeric Word-like Alphabetic Gibberish From clock User-defined: Uh, oh. It appears your browser either does not support JavaScript or that JavaScript has been disabled. You'll have to replace your browser with one supporting JavaScript (or enable it, if that's the problem) before you can use this page. Each of the fields in the one-time pad request form is described below. Enter the number of keys you'd like to generate. If you generate more than fit in the results text box, you can use the scroll bar to view the additional lines.
Lines in the output will be limited to the given length (or contain only one key if the line length is less than required for a single key). Old ringtone download. If the line length is greater than the width of the results box, you can use the horizontal scroll bar to view the rest of the line. Enter 0 to force one key per line; this is handy when you're preparing a list of keys to be read by a computer program.
Each key will contain this number of characters, not counting separators between groups. If a nonzero value is entered in this field, the key will be broken into groups of the given number of characters by separators. Humans find it easier to read and remember sequences of characters when divided into groups of five or fewer characters. This set of radio buttons lets you select the character set used in the keys.
The alternatives are listed in order of increasing security. Numeric Keys contain only the decimal digits “0” through “9”. Least secure. Word-like Keys are composed of alphabetic characters which obey the digraph statistics of English text. Such keys contain sequences of vowels and consonants familiar to speakers of Western languages, and are therefore usually easier to memorise but, for a given key length, are less secure than purely random letters. Alphabetic Keys consist of letters of the alphabet chosen at random. Each character has an equal probability of being one of the 26 letters.
Gibberish Keys use most of the printable ASCII character set, excluding only characters frequently used for quoting purposes. This option provides the greatest security for a given key length, but most people find keys like this difficult to memorise or even transcribe from a printed pad. If a human is in the loop, it's often better to use a longer alphabetic or word-like key. The case of letters in keys generated with Word-like, Alphabetic, and Gibberish key text will be as chosen. Most people find it easier to read lower case letters than all capitals, but for some applications (for example, where keys must be scanned optically by hardware that only recognises capital letters), capitals are required. Selecting “Mixed case” creates keys with a mix of upper- and lower-case letters; such keys are more secure than those with uniform letter case, but do not pass the “telephone test”: you can't read them across a (hopefully secure) voice link without having to indicate whether each letter is or is not a capital. When the is longer than a nonzero specification, the key is divided into sequences of the given group length by separator characters.
By default, a hyphen, “ -”, is used to separate groups. If you check this box, separators will be chosen at random among punctuation marks generally acceptable for applications such as passwords. If you're generating passwords for a computer system, random separators dramatically increase the difficulty of guessing passwords by exhaustive search. When this box is checked, at the end of the list of keys, preceded by a line beginning with ten dashes “ -”, the 128 bit MD5 signature of each key is given, one per line, with signatures expressed as 32 hexadecimal digits.
Key signatures can be used to increase security when keys are used to control access to computer systems or databases. Instead of storing a copy of the keys, the computer stores their signatures. When the user enters a key, its signature is computed with the same MD5 algorithm used to generate it initially, and the key is accepted only if the signature matches. Since discovering a key which will generate a given signature is believed to be computationally prohibitive, even if the list of signatures stored on the computer is compromised, that information will not permit an intruder to deduce a valid key.
Signature calculation is a computationally intense process for which JavaScript is not ideally suited; be patient while signatures are generated, especially if your computer has modest processing speed. For signature-based validation to be secure, it is essential the original keys be long enough to prohibit discovery of matching signatures by exhaustive search.
Suppose, for example, one used four digit numeric keys, as used for Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) by many credit card systems. Since only 10,000 different keys exist, one could simply compute the signatures of every possible key from 0000 through 9999, permitting an attacker who came into possession of the table of signatures to recover the keys by a simple lookup process. For maximum security, keys must contain at least as much information as the 128 bit signatures computed from them. This implies a minimum key length (not counting non-random separator characters) for the various key formats as follows: Key Composition Minimum Characters Numeric 39 Word-like 30 Alphabetic 28 Gibberish 20 It should be noted that for many practical applications there is no need for anything approaching 128-bit security. The guidelines above apply only in the case where maximum protection in the event of undetected compromise of key signatures occurs.
In many cases, much shorter keys are acceptable, especially when it is assumed that a compromise of the system's password or signature database would be only part of a much more serious subversion of all resources on the system. The seed is the starting value which determines all subsequent values in the pseudorandom sequence used to generate the one-time pad. Given the seed, the pad can be reproduced. The seed is a 31-bit number which can be derived from the date and time at which the one-time pad was requested, or from a user-defined seed value.
If the user-defined seed consists entirely of decimal digits, it is used directly as the seed, modulo 2 31; if a string containing non-digit characters is entered, it is used to compute a hash code which is used to seed the generator. When the clock is used to create the seed, the seed value is entered in the User-defined box to allow you, by checking “User-defined”, to produce additional pads with the same seed. At first glance, JavaScript may seem an odd choice for programming a page such as this. The one-time pad generator program is rather large and complicated, and downloading it to your browser takes longer than would be required for a Java applet or to transfer a one-time pad generated by a CGI program on the Web server.
I chose JavaScript for two reasons: security and transparency. The sole reason for the existence of one-time pads is to provide a source of information known only to people to whom they have been distributed in a secure manner. This means the generation process cannot involve any link whose security is suspect. If the pad were generated on a Web server and transmitted to you, it would have to pass over the Internet, where any intermediate site might make a copy of your pad before you even received it. Even if some mechanism such as encryption could absolutely prevent the pad's being intercepted, you'd still have no way to be sure the site generating the pad didn't keep a copy in a file, conveniently tagged with your Internet address. In order to have any degree of security, it is essential that the pad be generated on your computer, without involving any transmission or interaction with other sites on the Internet.
A Web browser with JavaScript makes this possible, since the generation program embedded in this page runs entirely on your own computer and does not transmit anything over the Internet. Its output appears only in the text box, allowing you to cut and paste it to another application. From there on, its security is up to you. Security is never absolute. A one-time pad generated with this page might be compromised in a variety of ways, including the following:.
Your Web browser and/or JavaScript interpreter may contain bugs or deliberate security violations which report activity on your computer back to some other Internet site. Some other applet running on another page of your browser, perhaps without your being aware of its existence, is spying on other windows. Some other application running on your computer may have compromised your system's security and be snooping on your activity. Your Web browser may be keeping a “history log” or “cache” of data you generate. Somebody may come along later and recover a copy of the pad from that log.
The implementation of this page may contain a bug or deliberate error which makes its output predictable. This is why, discussed below, is essential.
Your computer's security may have been compromised physically; when's the last time you checked that a bug that transmits your keystrokes and/or screen contents to that white van parked down the street wasn't lurking inside your computer cabinet? One can whip oneself into a fine fever of paranoia worrying about things like this. One way to rule out the most probable risks is to download a copy of the generator page and run it from a “ file:” URL on a computer which has no network connection whatsoever and is located in a secure location under your control. And look very carefully at any files created by your Web browser. You may find the most interesting things squirreled away there. Any security-related tool is only as good as its design and implementation. Transparency means that, in essence, all the moving parts are visible so you can judge for yourself whether the tool merits your confidence.
In the case of a program, this means that source code must be available, and that you can verify that the program you're running corresponds to the source code provided. The very nature of JavaScript achieves this transparency. The program is embedded into this actual Web page; to examine it you need only use your browser's “View Source” facility, or save the page into a file on your computer and read it with a text editor. JavaScript's being an interpreted language eliminates the risk of your running a program different from the purported source code: with an interpreted language what you read is what you run. Transparency is important even if you don't know enough about programming or security to determine whether the program contains any flaws.
The very fact that it can be examined by anybody allows those with the required expertise to pass judgement, and you can form your own conclusions based on their analysis. Credits The pseudorandom sequence generator is based on L'Ecuyer's two-sequence generator as described in Communications of the ACM, Vol. 31 (1968), page 742. A Bays-Durham shuffle is used to guard against regularities lurking in L'Ecuyer's algorithm; see ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, Vol. 2 (1976) pages 59–64 for details.
The JavaScript implementation of the was developed by Henri Torgemane; please view the source code of this page to examine the code, including the copyright notice and conditions of use. The MD5 algorithm was developed by Ron Rivest. By May 26, 1997 Updated: November 2006 This document is in the public domain.
Keygens go by many names, including product key generators, CD key creators, license key generators, etc. No matter the name, all key generators create free, unique product keys for various software programs, video games, etc. Unfortunately, like with most free things, there's a catch. Is a Key Generator (Keygen) a Good Way to Get a CD Key? The short answer: absolutely not. A keygen is not a good way to get create that installation key you need for your software or operating system.
A key generator may create a product key that your software will accept, but it will not find your product key. Product keys created by key generators are NOT legal installation keys. The only legal way to obtain a product key is by purchasing the software yourself or by contacting the software maker directly to obtain a key. No matter which key generator you might use, or where you download it from, using a product key other than the unique one that comes with an individual, legally purchased copy of a software title is illegal. How Does a Key Generator Work? The key generators you find online work similarly to the back-end tools that software makers use to generate legitimate product keys: via a proprietary algorithm.
What a keygen creator has done to make a program that duplicates this proprietary software is either a) steal this software from the company, or b) reverse engineer the algorithm using a collection of valid product keys that he or she has obtained, probably illegally. Sometimes, depending on the complexity of the program, the keygen comes packaged with one or more or files with the intention that they're written over the legitimate, original files so that the keygen will work properly. Regardless of how, the end result is the same - key generators are not a legal, or ethical (in my opinion), a way of obtaining a key code to use for installing a piece of software. What's a Quick Way To Find a Lost Product Key? If you have a legal copy of a program that you've already entered a valid CD key into, but you've just lost the key, try a to locate the product key from your currently installed copy of the program. This is a perfectly legal method of obtaining a product key because it's the same one you purchased when you first installed the program.
Installation Guide 1. What are the steps involved in the installation of PAD applications? ANSWER The following installation guide applies to PAD² V6 Pattern Design and Marker Design: 1.
Go to on PAD System website. Choose the appropriate products in and download the installer to your local computer. Double click on the.exe file. Select setup language. Select the location to be installed. Follow the instruction to complete the installation steps. The following installation guide applies to PAD² V6 Digitizer Manager and Plot Manager: 1.
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Go to on PAD System website. Choose the appropriate products in and download the installer to your local computer. Double click on the.exe file 4. Select setup language 5. Select the location to be installed 6. Follow the instruction to complete the installation steps 2. How to install the PAD² AutoMark?
Go to PAD System website and click 2. Choose the product in and download the installer to your local computer. Double click on the PAD AutoMark.exe 4. Select setup language 5.
Select the location to be installed 6. Follow the instruction to complete the installation steps 7. Insert the green dongle key to the USB ports 3. If I choose hardware key licensing for my PAD² Installation Programs, do I need to install hardware key driver? ANSWER Yes, you have to go to to download appropriate driver. Would firewall or antivirus program prevent the registration of PAD software properly?
ANSWER Yes, although rare, your company firewall may restrict outgoing traffic by port or by site, this may prevent you from the registration and activating PAD software. Please check with your company network administrator make to allow TCP/IP traffic to our site 'register.padsystem.com' using port 9128. PAD User Account 5. Why do we need to create a PAD user account?
What is it for? ANSWER PAD user account is crucial to every existing PAD customer or new customer. To existing customer, after you create your unique user account at PAD, you can register your existing key number to our system and check whether you can trade-in your existing key to newer version of PAD products. To new PAD customer, you can manage your purchased license of V6 in PAD website. You can easily find out where you have installed and registered your PAD V6. And you can trace the order status.
With PAD account, you can receive information from PAD about the latest news of PAD and its product development information through email. You may also change your password on regular basic to protect your valuable PAD license. Will I need to pay for creating a PAD User Account? It is absolutely FREE to create a PAD User Account. But you will need to pay for purchasing PAD product license. Product Registration Procedures 7. What is the product registration steps that I need to follow before I use PAD?
ANSWER If you are a 'first time' user of PAD V6, when you completed the program installation, and click program shortcut to enter to the program. You will be asked to insert the followings, - Serial Number - User Name - Password - Computer Name You can retrieve the above information from your PAD user account. After you inserted the information correctly, you will see a message running in the middle of your computer monitor, it is called “registering”. At the same time, PAD license server will activate your license at the same time.
Then, you can start to use PAD V6! License Activation Issues 8.
What is the difference between product registration and product activation? Are they meaning the same?
ANSWER PAD product registration is different from product activation. But it is very simple to understand. PAD product registration Please refer to. PAD product activation When you finished your work with PAD, you can either simply close the program and leave. However, PAD has a better solution to provide, - Go to “Help” menu, select “License Manager”. A dialog box shows the details of the serial Number and product. There have 3 options for you to manage the serial number, 1.
Auto Deactivate before Close: Automatically return the serial number to PAD license server when the program is closed. Ask Me to Deactivate before Close: A dialog box appears to ask you whether you would like to return the serial number to the PAD license server. Deactivate Now: By selecting this option, the serial number will return to PAD license server after the application is closed. If you choose to deactivate the license from a computer, you will not need to re-enter the serial number again when you would work on the same computer again. You will just need to click the program and PAD license server will automatically activate the program for you. Also, when you choose to deactivate the license from a particular computer, you can use the same serial number to activate the serial to another computer by repeating of,register the serial number as stated above.
What if I forget to deactivate the license from my company desktop computer, can I activate the same serial number to my notebook computer in home? If you forget to deactivate the serial from your company desktop computer. You will not be allowed to use the same serial on your home computer. Because your desktop is holding up the license!!! Online Key and Hardware Key Activation 10. How can we activate the product?
Is there any difference between Online Key and Hardware Key? ANSWER Online Key and Hardware key are using different registration procedures.
Please contact your for further details. Operating System 11. What is the system requirement to run PAD System?
ANSWER Please go to for details. Applications 12. Does PAD System support multiple languages? ANSWER Yes, you can go to Menu, choose OptionsPreferenceGeneral, then select Preferences. And choose the language you like.
File Compatibility 13. Can PAD read other CAD system native file?
ANSWER PAD supports the concept of open standard instead of proprietary file format. Thus PAD is committed to use open standard file format such as DXF to exchange data. Although PAD could read other system native file directly, the result is usually not satisfactory.
Though there are file converter provided by other parties including from Pad System, the result cannot be guaranteed. What is the quality of importing a DXF file to PAD, will the shaped of piece change or information lost? ANSWER PAD can import DXF as good as the other system can export them. Should you find the import result of PAD is not satisfactory, please first ask the file owner to check its DXF. A simple way to check is to use the software to import the file which it exports. If the result is acceptable, so will be in PAD.
If not, PAD would have difficult to make it better. Hardware Related Questions 15. Which plotter works with PAD System? ANSWER PAD is an open system and supports a wide range of plotters, including but not limited to Algotex, Gerber, Graphtec, IOLine, Lectra, and Neon, etc. Here for a list of supported plotter drivers. Which digitizer works with PAD System? ANSWER PAD is an open system and supports a wide range of digitizers, such as Numonics, Calcomp, and Summagrid, etc.
Here for a list of supported digitizer drivers.
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Purpose This article explores different options available for various types of emergency generator applications. The applications discussed include generators exposed to weather and generators located inside of a facility. Permanent enclosed generator – Complete generator system housed in an enclosure that is located on gravel or concrete pad. Portable enclosed generator – Generator system housed in an enclosure that is mounted on a trailer frame. Commonly used in construction sites. Easiest to complete initial setup on because unit is self-sufficient.
Generators located inside of a facility – Often can have redundant backup. Facility generators can be fueled by natural gas or diesel fuel. Day tanks are common in diesel fuel applications. Permanent Enclosed Generator Site Planning When setting up the site always use the generator manufacturer, state and federal guidelines. It is helpful to design a basic drawing of the generator and supporting systems (Figure 1).
Some considerations to be made are:. Generator located with enough clearance between building and fuel supply to allow major maintenance. Fuel supply located accessible to fuel truck. Security fence installation for safety purposes. Buried or above ground fuel and electrical services. The generator area can be designed to be large enough to fit the fuel tank and allow for major maintenance to be completed with ease (Figure 2). A Caterpillar 1000 kW generator set was used in the creation of the generator area. The following statistics were used in calculations:. Physical size of generator (21 ½’ x 11 ½’). Weight of generator with fuel tanks full (44,000 lbs.). Fuel consumption of generator (71 gal per hour full load). Back up fuel supply tank (600 gallon). Always consult local, state and federal regulations when designing the generator area. Spill containment should be considered. Fuel stored between back up fuel tank and generator fuel tank is 1200 gallon.
This allows for 16 hours of continuous operation at full load. Concrete Pad Design It is not advised and against many building codes to place a generator set on gravel. The generator must be kept level and vibrates during operation and must be secured to a permanent structure. Concrete is the industry standard for normal soil applications. The thickness and size of the pad is controlled by soil composition among many other geographical considerations.
Consult all federal, state, and local authorities when determining the following:. Ambient temperature for concrete pour (quick setting or normal). Fresh pours must be utilize vibration to insure all air bubbles are dissipated. Weight concrete can withstand (heavy loads require reinforcement). Amount of pad protrusion past generator set (overall size plus ½”).
Accurate measurements must be acquired when calculating. Concrete Anchors Securing the generator set and backup fuel supply tank is usually completed using concrete anchors (Figure 3). There are many options for anchoring equipment to concrete:. Heavy Duty Anchor – Installed prior to concrete pour. Taking good mounting measurements imperative. Adhesive Bond – Concrete cured, hole drilled, epoxy and stud installed.
Stud must be square and level. Mechanical Bond – Concrete cured, hole drilled, stud set and tightened. Minimum requirements. Portable Enclosed Generator Portable generators require less site preparation than any other style of generator.
They are offered in a variety of sizes from the Caterpillar 320 kW to the Baldor 2000 kW. Often portable generators are used in construction site applications supplying main power. Site Preparation One advantage of using a portable generator is that it can be moved to different locations at the same job site for power requirements as the job progress. A Baldor 2000 kW generator is required to satisfy power requirements on a construction site. Preparing the site for the arrival of the generator can include the following:. Road established to location(s) of generator. If generator moves locations on site, area prepped prior to move. Generator dimensions are 46’ x 9’ with a height of 13’. Appropriate clearance to get to lot and size of lot able to support generator. Generator weight is 67,000 lbs.
If soil conditions are moist, dunnage (Figure 4) can be used under rear wheels for support. Fuel usage for engine under full load is 142 gallons per hour, with a 2800 gallon fuel tank allowing for 19.72 hours of operation. Support lifting gear with dunnage (Figure 4) prior to engaging to remove from truck. Generators Located Inside Facility Generators that are purchased to be located inside a facility are most commonly a self-contained system (Figure 5).
The engine, generator and engine cooling system are placed on a skid and factory aligned for operation. When moving the generator into the facility consider the following:. Clearance – Enough for generator to be moved and placed onto concrete pad. Facility lifting device – Construction fork truck, installed overhead crane system or portable gantry system. Unload from truck – Construction fork truck or crane. Place in prep area to ready to be located in facility. Site Preparation Preparing a facility for a generator set installation (Figure 6) has a few additional steps. Setting up generator set mounting and auxiliary systems prior to installation can save system down time.
Always consult federal, state and local authorities for regulations prior to beginning site preparation. The below items can be performed prior to setting the generator set:. Concrete pad – Located appropriate distance to allow for generator maintenance. Concrete to regulations. Generator skid mounts – Number and location of mounts depends on size and style. Attach mounts to pads (must be aligned and square) to concrete pad. Intake air – Engine intake air is supplied from air in the room. Must have positive air supply when engine(s) are operating. Fuel supply – Some regulations require fuel supply piping to be located under floor level and protected by grating. Electrical drops – Have drops ready to run after installation. Cooling air – Ductwork with louvers can be installed so the generator set can be attached to them prior to removal of lifting device. Exhaust – Building must have exhaust system installed for the generator. The building exhaust can be installed prior to installing generator set.
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